United States was the largest outside supplier.
What this market covers
Edible tree nuts sold in shell, as kernels and in products such as snacks and baking mixes. Food makers and retailers buy them.
Typical segments
- In shell walnuts
- Walnut kernels
- Blanched and chopped
- Organic walnuts
Source: Eurostat
Why this market is moving now
- Extra-EU import value rose 13% from 2020 to 2025, a direct read on EU demand for sourced supply.
- Supply is concentrated: one country provided a large share of extra-EU imports in 2025.
Key figures
Each figure names the source it came from. Open the source list below to read the quoted line.
| Figure | Value | Year | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| The EU imported €158.3 million of products under CN code 08023100 (Fresh or dried walnuts, in shell) from outside the EU in 2025. | 158.3 EUR million | 2025 | Eurostat |
| Extra-EU imports of CN 08023100 were up 13% in 2025 compared with 2020 (€140.4 million), calculated from Eurostat values. | +13 % since 2020 | 2025 | Eurostat |
| EU exports of CN 08023100 to countries outside the EU were worth €10.3 million in 2025. | 10.3 EUR million | 2025 | Eurostat |
| Trade between EU member states in CN 08023100 (intra-EU arrivals) came to €59.7 million in 2025. | 59.7 EUR million | 2025 | Eurostat |
| United States was the largest non-EU supplier of CN 08023100 to the EU in 2025, with €69.9 million, or 44% of extra-EU imports. | 69.9 EUR million | 2025 | Eurostat |
| EU exports of CN 08023100 to the United States were €43 thousand in 2025. | 43 EUR thousand | 2025 | Eurostat |
| The average value of extra-EU imports of CN 08023100 was €2.99 per kilogram in 2025, calculated from Eurostat value and weight. | 2.99 EUR per kg | 2025 | Eurostat |
| France was the largest EU exporter of CN 08023100 to non-EU countries in 2025, at €6.0 million. | 6.0 EUR million | 2025 | Eurostat |
| The EU had 9,934 enterprises in NACE class C1039 (Other processing and preserving of fruit and vegetables) in 2023. | 9,934 enterprises | 2023 | Eurostat |
| EU enterprises in NACE class C1039 had net turnover of €64.80 billion in 2023. | 64.80 EUR billion | 2023 | Eurostat |
| NACE class C1039 employed 208,500 people across the EU in 2023. | 208,500 persons employed | 2023 | Eurostat |
| The US had 2,107 private establishments in NAICS 111335 (Tree nut farming) in 2025. | 2,107 establishments | 2025 | U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics |
| NAICS 111335 employed an average of 16,046 people in US private industry in 2025. | 16,046 jobs | 2025 | U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics |
| US employment in NAICS 111335 changed by -26% between 2020 (21,680 jobs) and 2025, calculated from BLS figures. | -26 % since 2020 | 2025 | U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics |
| Average annual pay in US NAICS 111335 was $54,548 in 2025. | 54,548 USD per year | 2025 | U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics |
Sources and method
The figures on this page come from the public sources listed below. Read how we work.
- Eurostat: EU trade since 1988 by HS2-4-6 and CN8 (DS-045409) (2026-11-04)
Quoted lines
- Figure 1
DS-045409, reporter EU27_2020, product 08023100, partner EXT_EU27_2020, flow import, 2025, VALUE_IN_EUROS 158330639
- Figure 2
DS-045409, reporter EU27_2020, product 08023100, flow import, 2020 VALUE_IN_EUROS 140366610; 2025 VALUE_IN_EUROS 158330639
- Figure 3
DS-045409, reporter EU27_2020, product 08023100, partner EXT_EU27_2020, flow export, 2025, VALUE_IN_EUROS 10305287
- Figure 4
DS-045409, reporter EU27_2020, product 08023100, partner INT_EU27_2020, flow import, 2025, VALUE_IN_EUROS 59730781
- Figure 5
DS-045409, reporter EU27_2020, product 08023100, partner US, flow import, 2025, VALUE_IN_EUROS 69850822
- Figure 6
DS-045409, reporter EU27_2020, product 08023100, partner US, flow export, 2025, VALUE_IN_EUROS 43152
- Figure 7
DS-045409, reporter EU27_2020, product 08023100, flow import, 2025, VALUE_IN_EUROS 158330639, QUANTITY_IN_100KG 530029
- Figure 1
- Eurostat: EU trade since 1988 by HS2-4-6 and CN8 (DS-045409) (2026-11-04)
Quoted lines
- Figure 8
DS-045409, reporter FR, product 08023100, partner EXT_EU27_2020, flow export, 2025, VALUE_IN_EUROS 6042088
- Figure 8
- Eurostat: Enterprises by detailed NACE Rev. 2 activity and special aggregates (sbs_ovw_act) (2026-11-04)
Quoted lines
- Figure 9
sbs_ovw_act, geo EU27_2020, nace_r2 C1039, indic_sbs ENT_NR, 2023, 9934
- Figure 10
sbs_ovw_act, geo EU27_2020, nace_r2 C1039, indic_sbs NETTUR_MEUR, 2023, 64803
- Figure 11
sbs_ovw_act, geo EU27_2020, nace_r2 C1039, indic_sbs EMP_NR, 2023, 208500
- Figure 9
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics: QCEW annual averages, NAICS 111335, 2025 (2026-11-04)
Quoted lines
- Figure 12
QCEW 2025 annual, US000, private, NAICS 111335, annual_avg_estabs 2107
- Figure 13
QCEW 2025 annual, US000, private, NAICS 111335, annual_avg_emplvl 16046
- Figure 14
QCEW 2020 annual_avg_emplvl 21680; 2025 annual_avg_emplvl 16046
- Figure 15
QCEW 2025 annual, US000, private, NAICS 111335, avg_annual_pay 54548
- Figure 12
Buyers and suppliers
Who buys
- Food manufacturers
- Grocery retailers
- Bakeries
Large non-EU suppliers to the EU
What the full report covers
- 01Executive summary
The answer in one page: size, direction and what moves it - 02Market definition and scope
What is in and out of the European Union market - 03Market size, 2021 to 2025
Historical series and growth rates - 04Outlook to 2031
Base, low and high scenarios with stated assumptions - 05Rules, policy and deadlines
Regulation and programmes that change demand - 06Drivers and barriers
What accelerates or slows adoption, by customer segment - 07Prices, costs and margins
Unit economics where public data allows - 08Competitive landscape
8 to 12 company profiles with recent moves - 09Opportunities and risks
For new entrants, suppliers and investors - 10Method and sources
Every assumption and source, listed
Included with the full report
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- Method note and assumptions
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Frequently asked questions
How big is the EU walnut market?
There is no single official market total. Eurostat trade data shows the EU imported €158.3 million of goods under CN 08023100 from outside the EU in 2025 and exported €10.3 million.
Where does the EU import walnut from?
United States was the largest non-EU supplier in 2025. Other large suppliers included Chile, Argentina, China.
What is the average import price of walnut in the EU?
Dividing Eurostat import value by weight gives about €2.99 per kilogram for CN 08023100 in 2025.
Which EU countries export the most walnut?
France led EU exports to non-EU countries in 2025, followed by Greece, Spain.
How many US companies are in the walnut industry?
BLS counts 2,107 private establishments in NAICS 111335 (Tree nut farming), the closest official industry.
How many EU companies are in the walnut industry?
Eurostat counts 9,934 enterprises in NACE class C1039 (Other processing and preserving of fruit and vegetables).
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