The Netherlands was the largest supplier to the main importing countries.
What this market covers
Hydrogen made from natural gas with the carbon dioxide captured and stored. Buyers are refiners, fertiliser plants, power utilities and heavy industry.
Typical segments
- Steam methane reforming with capture
- Autothermal reforming with capture
- Hydrogen transport and storage
- Industrial supply
Top importing countries
Customs import value under HS 280410 in each country's latest reported year (in brackets), USD million.
GCC and Africa
Import value by country group, latest reported year per country, USD million.
Source: UN Comtrade
Why this market is moving now
- Import value for the 11 countries reporting every year rose 123% from 2020 to 2025.
- EU exports of the matching CN code to the region rose 3% from 2020 to 2025.
- Demand is concentrated: one country took a large share of the region's reported imports.
About the data
Figures are customs import values (CIF, US dollars) that 18 countries reported to UN Comtrade for HS code 280410 (Hydrogen). Each country's latest reported year is used: Algeria 2024, Bahrain 2024, Cote d'Ivoire 2025, Egypt 2025, Ethiopia 2023, Ghana 2025, Israel 2025, Jordan 2024, Kenya 2025, Kuwait 2025, Morocco 2025, Nigeria 2025, Oman 2025, Saudi Arabia 2025, South Africa 2025, Tanzania 2025, Tunisia 2024, United Arab Emirates 2023.
No import data for this code was available from Qatar.
South Africa reports import values FOB (free on board) rather than CIF.
Supplier figures add up the partner breakdown that the largest importing countries reported for their latest year. Partner areas that the reporters did not specify are left out of the list.
EU export figures are Eurostat Comext values in euros for CN code 28041000 (Hydrogen), the code used on the EU page for this market. Shares, changes and per-kilogram values are calculated from these figures. No figure on this page is a forecast.
Key figures
Each figure names the source it came from. Open the source list below to read the quoted line.
| Figure | Value | Year | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Customs data from 18 Middle East and Africa countries shows imports of $4.8 million under HS code 280410 (Hydrogen) in their latest year with data (2025 for 12 countries, 2024 for 4 and 2023 for 2). | 4.8 USD million | 2025 | UN Comtrade |
| Imports under HS 280410 by the 11 countries that reported every year from 2020 to 2025 were up 123% in 2025 compared with 2020, from $1.5 million to $3.2 million, calculated from UN Comtrade values. | +123 % since 2020 | 2025 | UN Comtrade |
| Israel was the largest importer among the countries covered, with $2.0 million in 2025, or 41% of the total. | 2.0 USD million | 2025 | UN Comtrade |
| Jordan followed with $1.4 million in 2024. | 1.4 USD million | 2024 | UN Comtrade |
| The 5 GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council) countries with data accounted for $848 thousand, or 17% of the total, in their latest reported years. | 848 USD thousand | 2025 | UN Comtrade |
| The 11 African countries with data accounted for $558 thousand, or 12% of the total. | 558 USD thousand | 2025 | UN Comtrade |
| The Netherlands was the largest supplier to the 4 largest importing countries in the region, which took 84% of its reported imports, with $1.5 million, or 36% of their imports under HS 280410 (partner data for each country's latest year). | 1.5 USD million | 2025 | UN Comtrade |
| The average import value under HS 280410 was $1.34 per kilogram across the 15 countries that reported net weight, calculated from UN Comtrade value and weight. | 1.34 USD per kg | 2025 | UN Comtrade |
| EU exports of CN 28041000 (Hydrogen) to the 7 Middle East and Africa countries covered were worth €875 thousand in 2025. | 875 EUR thousand | 2025 | Eurostat |
| EU exports of CN 28041000 to these countries were up 3% in 2025 compared with 2020, when they were €850 thousand, calculated from Eurostat values. | +3 % since 2020 | 2025 | Eurostat |
| Israel was the largest of these destinations for EU exports of CN 28041000 in 2025, at €732 thousand. | 732 EUR thousand | 2025 | Eurostat |
Sources and method
The figures on this page come from the public sources listed below. Read how we work.
- UN Comtrade: UN Comtrade database, annual imports by HS code (public preview API) (2026-11-06)
Quoted lines
- Figure 1
cmdCode=280410 flowCode=M partnerCode=0 primaryValue: ARE2023=29978; BHR2024=63987; CIV2025=5906; DZA2024=31932; EGY2025=5051; ETH2023=10805; GHA2025=10028; ISR2025=1990000; JOR2024=1449688; KEN2025=16603; KWT2025=237216; MAR2025=168518; NGA2025=283864; OMN2025=160414; SAU2025=356307; TUN2024=1603; TZA2025=8122; ZAF2025=15161; sum=4845183
- Figure 2
cmdCode 280410, flowCode M, partnerCode 0, sum of primaryValue for CIV EGY ISR KEN KWT MAR NGA OMN SAU TZA ZAF: 2020 = 1452895; 2025 = 3247162; change +123%
- Figure 3
reporterCode 376, period 2025, cmdCode 280410, flowCode M, partnerCode 0, primaryValue 1990000; share of 4845183 = 41%
- Figure 5
cmdCode 280410, flowCode M, partnerCode 0, sum of primaryValue for ARE BHR KWT OMN SAU = 847901; share 17% (shown as 848 USD thousand)
- Figure 6
cmdCode 280410, flowCode M, partnerCode 0, sum of primaryValue for CIV DZA EGY ETH GHA KEN MAR NGA TUN TZA ZAF = 557594; share 12% (shown as 558 USD thousand)
- Figure 8
cmdCode 280410, flowCode M, partnerCode 0, sum of primaryValue 2834971 / sum of netWgt 2116297 kg = 1.34 USD per kg
- Figure 1
- UN Comtrade: UN Comtrade database, annual imports by HS code (public preview API) (2026-11-06)
Quoted lines
- Figure 4
reporterCode 400, period 2024, cmdCode 280410, flowCode M, partnerCode 0, primaryValue 1449688
- Figure 4
- UN Comtrade: UN Comtrade database, annual imports by HS code (public preview API) (2026-11-06)
Quoted lines
- Figure 7
cmdCode 280410, flowCode M, partnerCode 528, primaryValue summed over reporters = 1455075; world 4079859; share 36% (shown as 1.5 USD million)
- Figure 7
- Eurostat: EU trade since 1988 by HS2-4-6 and CN8 (DS-045409) (2026-11-06)
Quoted lines
- Figure 9
DS-045409, reporter EU27_2020, product 28041000, flow export, VALUE_IN_EUROS, 2025: AE=27503; DZ=2459; EG=2879; GH=1078; IL=731838; MA=72279; NG=36863; sum 874899 (shown as 875 EUR thousand)
- Figure 10
DS-045409, reporter EU27_2020, product 28041000, flow export, VALUE_IN_EUROS, sum over the same partners: 2020 = 850130; 2025 = 874899; change +3%
- Figure 11
DS-045409, reporter EU27_2020, product 28041000, partner IL, flow export, 2025, VALUE_IN_EUROS 731838 (shown as 732 EUR thousand)
- Figure 9
Buyers and suppliers
Who buys
- Refineries
- Fertiliser producers
- Power utilities
Large suppliers to the countries covered
EU exports to the largest destinations in the region, 2025
Eurostat Comext, CN 28041000, EUR million.
What the full report covers
- 01Executive summary
The answer in one page: size, direction and what moves it - 02Market definition and scope
What is in and out of the Middle East and Africa market - 03Market size, 2021 to 2025
Historical series and growth rates - 04Outlook to 2031
Base, low and high scenarios with stated assumptions - 05Rules, policy and deadlines
Regulation and programmes that change demand - 06Drivers and barriers
What accelerates or slows adoption, by customer segment - 07Prices, costs and margins
Unit economics where public data allows - 08Competitive landscape
8 to 12 company profiles with recent moves - 09Opportunities and risks
For new entrants, suppliers and investors - 10Method and sources
Every assumption and source, listed
Included with the full report
- PDF report, 40 to 60 pages
- Excel data pack
- Ready-to-use charts
- Method note and assumptions
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Frequently asked questions
How big is the Middle East and Africa blue hydrogen market?
There is no single official market total. Customs data reported to UN Comtrade shows imports of $4.8 million under HS code 280410 by 18 countries in the region, using the latest year each one reported.
Which Middle East and Africa countries import the most blue hydrogen?
Israel was the largest importer, followed by Jordan and Saudi Arabia.
Where does the Middle East and Africa import blue hydrogen from?
The Netherlands was the largest supplier to the largest importing countries in the region. Other large suppliers included the United States, Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates.
How do GCC and African imports of blue hydrogen compare?
The GCC countries with data took $848 thousand, or 17% of the total, and the African countries with data took $558 thousand, or 12%, each in its latest reported year.
How much blue hydrogen does the EU export to the Middle East and Africa?
Eurostat shows EU exports of CN 28041000 to the countries covered of €875 thousand in 2025. Israel was the largest destination.
What is the average import price of blue hydrogen in the Middle East and Africa?
Dividing UN Comtrade import value by net weight gives about $1.34 per kilogram for HS 280410, across the countries that reported weight.
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