What this market covers
Aviation fuel is the refined kerosene or gasoline type fuel used by aircraft engines. Buyers are airlines, airports, fuel distributors and general aviation operators.
Typical segments
- Jet A and Jet A-1
- Aviation gasoline
- Sustainable aviation fuel
- Military grade jet fuel
Source: Eurostat
Why this market is moving now
- Extra-EU import value moved +208% from 2020 to 2025, a direct read on EU demand for sourced supply.
- Supply is concentrated: one country provided a large share of extra-EU imports in 2025.
- US employment in the core industry shifted -6% since 2020.
Key figures
Each figure names the source it came from. Open the source list below to read the quoted line.
| Figure | Value | Year | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| The EU imported €12.01 billion of products under CN code 27101921 (Jet fuel, kerosene type) from outside the EU in 2025. | 12.01 EUR billion | 2025 | Eurostat |
| Extra-EU imports of CN 27101921 were up 208% in 2025 compared with 2020 (€3.89 billion), calculated from Eurostat values. | +208 % change | 2025 | Eurostat |
| EU exports of CN 27101921 to countries outside the EU were worth €8.91 billion in 2025. | 8.91 EUR billion | 2025 | Eurostat |
| Trade between EU member states in CN 27101921 (intra-EU arrivals) came to €7.53 billion in 2025. | 7.53 EUR billion | 2025 | Eurostat |
| Kuwait was the largest non-EU supplier of CN 27101921 to the EU in 2025, with €4.25 billion, or 35% of extra-EU imports. | 4.25 EUR billion | 2025 | Eurostat |
| EU exports of CN 27101921 to the United States were €469.1 million in 2025. | 469.1 EUR million | 2025 | Eurostat |
| The average value of extra-EU imports of CN 27101921 was €0.65 per kilogram in 2025, calculated from Eurostat value and weight. | 0.65 EUR per kg | 2025 | Eurostat |
| Spain was the largest EU exporter of CN 27101921 to non-EU countries in 2025, at €1.92 billion. | 1.92 EUR billion | 2025 | Eurostat |
| The EU had 723 enterprises in NACE class C1920 (Manufacture of refined petroleum products) in 2023. | 723 enterprises | 2023 | Eurostat |
| EU enterprises in NACE class C1920 had net turnover of €580.52 billion in 2023. | 580.52 EUR billion | 2023 | Eurostat |
| NACE class C1920 employed 160,000 people across the EU in 2023. | 160,000 persons employed | 2023 | Eurostat |
| The US had 685 private establishments in NAICS 324110 (Petroleum refineries) in 2025. | 685 establishments | 2025 | U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics |
| NAICS 324110 employed an average of 62,480 people in US private industry in 2025. | 62,480 jobs | 2025 | U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics |
| US employment in NAICS 324110 changed by -6% between 2020 (66,168 jobs) and 2025, calculated from BLS figures. | -6 % change | 2025 | U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics |
| Average annual pay in US NAICS 324110 was $176,334 in 2025. | 176,334 USD per year | 2025 | U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics |
Sources and method
The figures on this page come from the public sources listed below. Read how we work.
- Eurostat: EU trade since 1988 by HS2-4-6 and CN8 (DS-045409) (2026-11-04)
Quoted lines
- Figure 1
DS-045409, reporter EU27_2020, product 27101921, partner EXT_EU27_2020, flow import, 2025, VALUE_IN_EUROS 12005845606
- Figure 2
DS-045409, reporter EU27_2020, product 27101921, flow import, 2020 VALUE_IN_EUROS 3892734646; 2025 VALUE_IN_EUROS 12005845606
- Figure 3
DS-045409, reporter EU27_2020, product 27101921, partner EXT_EU27_2020, flow export, 2025, VALUE_IN_EUROS 8909354472
- Figure 4
DS-045409, reporter EU27_2020, product 27101921, partner INT_EU27_2020, flow import, 2025, VALUE_IN_EUROS 7533977882
- Figure 5
DS-045409, reporter EU27_2020, product 27101921, partner KW, flow import, 2025, VALUE_IN_EUROS 4245567096
- Figure 6
DS-045409, reporter EU27_2020, product 27101921, partner US, flow export, 2025, VALUE_IN_EUROS 469057669
- Figure 7
DS-045409, reporter EU27_2020, product 27101921, flow import, 2025, VALUE_IN_EUROS 12005845606, QUANTITY_IN_100KG 184600413
- Figure 1
- Eurostat: EU trade since 1988 by HS2-4-6 and CN8 (DS-045409) (2026-11-04)
Quoted lines
- Figure 8
DS-045409, reporter ES, product 27101921, partner EXT_EU27_2020, flow export, 2025, VALUE_IN_EUROS 1917408794
- Figure 8
- Eurostat: Enterprises by detailed NACE Rev. 2 activity and special aggregates (sbs_ovw_act) (2026-11-04)
Quoted lines
- Figure 9
sbs_ovw_act, geo EU27_2020, nace_r2 C1920, indic_sbs ENT_NR, 2023, 723
- Figure 10
sbs_ovw_act, geo EU27_2020, nace_r2 C1920, indic_sbs NETTUR_MEUR, 2023, 580516
- Figure 11
sbs_ovw_act, geo EU27_2020, nace_r2 C1920, indic_sbs EMP_NR, 2023, 160000
- Figure 9
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics: QCEW annual averages, NAICS 324110, 2025 (2026-11-04)
Quoted lines
- Figure 12
QCEW 2025 annual, US000, private, NAICS 324110, annual_avg_estabs 685
- Figure 13
QCEW 2025 annual, US000, private, NAICS 324110, annual_avg_emplvl 62480
- Figure 14
QCEW 2020 annual_avg_emplvl 66168; 2025 annual_avg_emplvl 62480
- Figure 15
QCEW 2025 annual, US000, private, NAICS 324110, avg_annual_pay 176334
- Figure 12
Buyers and suppliers
Who buys
- Airlines
- Airports and fuel distributors
- General aviation operators
Large non-EU suppliers to the EU
What the full report covers
- 01Executive summary
The answer in one page: size, direction and what moves it - 02Market definition and scope
What is in and out of the European Union market - 03Market size, 2021 to 2025
Historical series and growth rates - 04Outlook to 2031
Base, low and high scenarios with stated assumptions - 05Rules, policy and deadlines
Regulation and programmes that change demand - 06Drivers and barriers
What accelerates or slows adoption, by customer segment - 07Prices, costs and margins
Unit economics where public data allows - 08Competitive landscape
8 to 12 company profiles with recent moves - 09Opportunities and risks
For new entrants, suppliers and investors - 10Method and sources
Every assumption and source, listed
Included with the full report
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- Excel data pack
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- Method note and assumptions
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Frequently asked questions
How big is the EU aviation fuel market?
There is no single official market total. Eurostat trade data shows the EU imported €12.01 billion of goods under CN 27101921 from outside the EU in 2025 and exported €8.91 billion.
Where does the EU import aviation fuel from?
Kuwait was the largest non-EU supplier in 2025. Other large suppliers included United Arab Emirates, Korea, Republic of, Egypt.
What is the average import price of aviation fuel in the EU?
Dividing Eurostat import value by weight gives about €0.65 per kilogram for CN 27101921 in 2025.
Which EU countries export the most aviation fuel?
Spain led EU exports to non-EU countries in 2025, followed by Netherlands, Belgium.
How many US companies are in the aviation fuel industry?
BLS counts 685 private establishments in NAICS 324110 (Petroleum refineries), the closest official industry.
How many EU companies are in the aviation fuel industry?
Eurostat counts 723 enterprises in NACE class C1920 (Manufacture of refined petroleum products).
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